This can have severe consequences for local and international trade. Mediterranean fruit flies medfly agriculture weights. Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann insecta. Papadopoulos and others published mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann diptera. Cdfa plant health pdep mediterranean fruit fly pest. Definition of mediterranean fruit fly merriamwebster. Mediterranean fruit fly definition and meaning collins. The medfly was recently detected in the dominican republic. Each female lays several hundred white, elliptical eggs in batches of one to six under the rind of fruit.
Mediterranean fruit fly definition is a small widely distributed yellowishbrown dipteran fly ceratitis capitata with a banded abdomen whose larva lives and feeds in ripening fruit called also medfly. Adults have a predominantly dark body with two white bands on a yellowish abdomen. It is a rapid colonizer and unlike most species of fruit flies, it can tolerate. This convenient readytouse vinegar or fruit fly trap reduces fly populations 70 to 80 percent or more by using a simple foodgrade vinegar to attract the flies. The queensland fruit fly will also sting the fruits of lilly pillies and other natives. In this lesson, well look at the fly itself, where it lives, and why this small animal is.
The mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata or medfly is considered the most important agricultural pest in the world. The species originated in subsaharan africa and is not known to be established in the continental united states. The mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann, or medfly, is a serious pest in. Fruit flies of citrus trees learn about citrus fruit fly. Mediterranean fruit fly oriental fruit fly melon fly exotic fruit flies. The adult fly is often hard to identify so the first sign of fruit fly. Mediterranean fruit fly attacks a wide range of host plants, decreasing production and making fruit inedible. Synonyms for mediterranean fruit fly in free thesaurus. These species are such devastating crop pests that major control and eradication programs have been developed in various parts of the world to combat them. The mediterranean fruit fly, also known as the medfly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann, is a destructive fruit pest widespread throughout africa, southern europe, the middle east, australia, and central and south america.
Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata, host list. Adults feed on plant nectar, decaying fruit, and other sweet liquids. Ceratitis capitata, the mediterranean fruit fly medfly, and ceratitis rosa, the natal fruit fly, are known to be important pests of deciduous and citrus fruits in the. Prevention the best way to avoid problems with fruit flies is to eliminate sources of attraction. Adult mediterranean fruit flies feed on all sorts of protein sources, including animal excreta, in order to develop eggs. As a result, improved fruit fly trapping systems have been developed that are being adopted by operational fruit fly control programmes. Mediterranean fruit fly pest detection agriculture. Pdf mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann.
One of the worlds most destructive fruit pests, the small mediterranean fruit fly, is a big problem. One commercial, nontoxic, pesticidefree vinegar fly trap is known as biologic natural catch plus fruit fly trap. Citrus fruits and the mediterranean fruit fly nikos t. In addition, it has been applied to prevent incursions of the mexican fruit fly anastrepha ludens into texas, usa, and to eradicate the mexican fruit fly and the west indian fruit fly a. Tech update spring 2016 samurai for for control of.
The mediterranean fruit fly has been recorded infesting over 200 different types of fruits and vegetables. It attacks a range of cultivated fruits and some fruiting vegetables. Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata, host list the berries, fruit, nuts and vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for c. Scientists were puzzled and said that the sudden appearance of the insects defies logic, and some speculated biological terrorists were responsible. Pdf on mar 9, 2015, yoav gazit and others published the mediterranean fruit fly know your enemy find, read and cite all the research.
The mediterranean fruit fly may be tiny but can be extremely dangerous to crops, animals, and people. The medfly has spread throughout the mediterranean region, southern europe, the middle east, western australia, south and central america and hawaii. Dictionary grammar blog school scrabble thesaurus translator quiz more resources more from collins. These traits along with its broad host range make the medfly the most economically important fruit fly species. Geographic distribution, population dynamics and management of the mediterranean fruitand management of the mediterranean fruit fly in northern mediterranean countries nikos papadopoulos laboratoryygyg gy of entomology and agricultural zoology university of thessaly, greece. Vail is section head, joint faoiaea division of atomic energy in food and agriculture. The qu arantine began in november of 2017 after routine insect trapping by the agriculture departments pest detection staff. Pdf the mediterranean fruit fly know your enemy researchgate. One of the more common citrus fruit flies to plague citrus groves is called the caribbbean fruit fly or anastrepha suspensa.
Organic control of fruit fly ecoorganic garden by ocp. Globally out of 5000 tephritid fly species about 1400 species develop in fruits,,pp out of these, about 250 species are pests in africa, out of 915 native fruit fly species, 299 species develop in fruits genera native to africa are most fruits flies are native to specific regions. Caudal end of larva of the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis. Tephritidae 2 against the medfly, which could jeopardize some freshfruit markets if it should become established in florida. The first sign of damage is often larvaeinfested or stung fruit. When it has been detected in florida, california, and texas, especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated. Medfly, as it is commonly known, has been recorded to infest more than 200 hosts worldwide. The mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata, or medfly, is a significant horticultural pest which is established in parts of western australia. Females deposit 2 10 eggs under the skin of fruit that is just beginning to ripen, often in an area where some break in the skin has already occurred.
Mediterranean fruit fly control in the overall endeavour to increase the worlds food supply, the production of vitaminrich fruits, though not as vital as cereals and other staples, cannot be ignored. Larvae burrow into interior of the fruit to feed on the pulp for 3 4 weeks. In 1989, a sudden invasion of mediterranean fruit flies ceratitis capitata, medflies appeared in california and began devastating crops. It is a widespread problem of many plants in the cucurbitaceae family, which includes squash, cucumbers and melons. Only 35 to 40 species are so far associated, directly or indirectly, with their host plants. Early detections of fruit fly can be monitored using lure traps. On march 18, 2015 the usda animal and plant health inspection service aphis issued import restrictions on certain fruits and vegetables subsequent to this detection.
Based upon the findings of the present study, it can be fairly concluded that the integrated management im method of control of fruit fly. The san mateo county d epartment of agricultureweights and measures and ca lifornia department of food and agriculture cdfa are pleased to announce that the mediterranean fruit fly medfly has been declared eradicated in san mateo county as of october 4, 2018. The mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann, is one of the worlds most destructive fruit pests. Neem seed extract of concentration 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% wtvol were prepared and left overnight after which the suspensions were seived and used for spraying. It is considered a major economic pest of commercial fruits in the world. Tephritidae are among the most economically important pest species in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and fleshy vegetables throughout tropical and subtropical areas. Ceratitis capitata, commonly known as the mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, is a yellow and brown fruit pest that originates from subsaharan africa. It is similar looking to the mediterranean fruit fly, but is slightly larger and has differently patterned wings and black spots on its thorax. Mediterranean fruit fly definition of mediterranean. Yellowish with brown accents, especially on abdomen and legs. Controlling fruit fly pest by releasing sterile male insects from entire areas or countries. Mediterranean fruit fly synonyms, mediterranean fruit fly. Fruit that has been attacked may be unfit to eatlarvae.
The mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata florida department. Pdf monitoring mediterranean fruit fly and natal fruit. The battle over the medfly video in 1981, california tried to stop the mediterranean fruit fly from infesting crops and threatening the states agricultural industry. At the 3rd western hemisphere fruit fly workshop on fruit flies of economic importance, held july 1999 in guatemala city, representatives of national plant protection organizations. It attacks over 250 species of plants and is potentially a serious commercial threat to. Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of the plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of c. The mediterranean fruit fly the university of arizona. Mediterranean fruit fly as a potential vector of bacterial. An overview of pest species of bactrocera fruit flies. Organic control methods for fruit fly it is essential that you act early to protect fruit and prevent fly populations building. However, they also have the potential to contaminate food with bacteria and other diseaseproducing organisms. The mediterranean fruit fly medfly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann is very destructive fruit pest. Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann.
Mediterranean fruit fly definition, a small, black and white, irregularly banded twowinged fly, ceratitis capitata, of many warm regions, that damages citrus and other succulent fruit crops by implanting eggs that hatch into maggots within the fruit. Fruit that has been attacked may be unfit to eatlarvae tunnel through the flesh as they feed. The mediterranean fruit flythe mediterranean fruit fly is a short, squat fly about 14 inch in length. It is a rapid colonizer and unlike most species of fruit flies, it can tolerate cooler climates. Mediterranean fruit fly infestations in the united states. So far it is not known to be established in the united states except in hawaii. Decay organisms enter, leaving the interior of the fruit a rotten mass. The mediterranean fruit fly university of arizona cals. The species we have a problem with is the cucurbit fruit fly, bactrocera cucurbitae. Mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata is a serious horticultural pest in western australia.
Analysis suggested that an outside hand played a role in the dense infestation. Background information the mediterranean fruit fly was first discovered in the hawaiian islands in 1910. The mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata is a cosmopolitan pest of hundreds of species of commercial and wild fruits. Caribbean fruit flies found in citrus are native to the islands of the same name but have migrated over time to afflict groves worldwide. The mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata, commonly called medfly, or moscamed in spanish, is one of the worlds most destructive agricultural pests. Medfly is considered the most serious of the worlds fruit fly pests. The mediterranean fruit fly is a short, squat fly about 14 inch in length fig.
The adults can also fly in from outside through inadequately screened windows and doors. Mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata edis university of florida. With an abundant su pply of host fruit in which to lay its eggs, the fly multiplied rapidly, seriously reducing the yield and quality to many crops such as mang o, guava, avocado, papaya, coffee, peach, and persimmon. The mediterranean fruit fly medfly has the widest host range of any pest fruit fly and is considered the most important agricultural pest in the. It has a black and yellowish body with dark bands on its wings. Papachristos 2 and charalambos ioannou 1 1 laboratory of entomology and agricultural zoology, university of. Kapoor college of basic sciences, punjab agricultural university, ludhiana141004, india two hundred species of fruit flies are known from india. South australia is a declared fruit fly exclusion zone. Mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata wiedemann. The thorax is creamy white to yellow with a characteristic pattern of black blotches lower corners of the face have white setae.
Hang ecolure fruit fly traps late winter to act as monitoring stations. In some of the mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late season fruits are too heavily. Mediterranean fruit flies are slightly smaller than a housefly with an average length of 3. Fruitfly pests and their present status in india v.
The mediterranean fruit fly medfly is considered one of the worlds most destructive pests. Managing mediterranean fruit fly in backyards note. For back yard olive producers wanting to make a few table olives the damaged fruit can be sorted out by hand, therefore the damage threshold level tolerance of some olive fruit fly damage can be greater. The use of samurai for fruit fly control in these crops had previously. Stinging is caused by the female laying eggs into unripened or. Queensland fruit fly is about 7mm long, a reddish brown colour with yellow markings.
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