Locomotion discussion guide in a series of poems, elevenyearold. Grantia definition is a genus the type of the family grantiidae of small cylindrical calcareous sycon sponges with triradiate spicules projecting into the cloacal cavity. Jan 01, 2003 locomotion by jacquline woodson this book i found hidden in the book corner of my year 5 classroom. Jan 01, 2009 the heartfelt voice of the young poet was once again heard in jacqueline woodsons peace, locomotion, sequel to award winning first book, locomotion. Biological and medicinal importance of sponge intechopen. A novel polycyclic guanidine alkaloid monanchocidin isolated from monanchora pulchra marine sponge reported to induce cell death in human cervical cancer. Woodson was recently named the young peoples poet laureate by the poetry foundation. The kinetic energy of the aptly named locomotion the nickname of lonnie collins motion permeates the 60 poems that tell his sad yet hopeful story. They number approximately 5,000 described species and inhabit all seas, where they occur attached to surfaces from the intertidal zone to depths of 8,500 metres 29,000 feet or more. Animal diversity part i washington state university. A new and valuable light was thrown on the vexed question of locomotion in sponges by mr. Sponge structure and function advanced ck12 foundation. This book is based on the poems of a young orphan lonnie whose life changed dramatically when his parents died.
Sponge locomotion was found to be mechanically similar to the spreading of cell sheets in tissue culture both with respect to exertion of. Mar 06, 2020 sponge, any of the primitive multicellular aquatic animals that constitute the phylum porifera. Since his parents died, eleven yearold lonnie motion has had to adjust to many changes in his life. Sperm cells passes from one sponge through the osculum and enter another sponge with the incurrent water. This book provides a clear foundation, based on physical biology and biomechanics, for understanding the underlying mechanisms by which animals have evolved to move in their physical environment. The morphology and physiology of sponges were first adequately understood by who created in 1836 the name porifera for the group by which it is now generally known, iuxle 1875 and sollas 1884 proposed the complete separation of sponges from other metazoa on the grounds of many peculiarities. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Sponge, any of the primitive multicellular aquatic animals that constitute the phylum porifera. Grantia compressa is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the family grantiidae. After tupac and d foster, feathers, and show way won newbery honors. The monsters that come at night dont come bloody and halfdead and calling your name. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading locomotion. Provides complete, integrated coverage of nearly all modes of animal movement, emphasizing general principles in a clear and straightforward fashion. Development is indirect with free swimming ambhiplastula larva. What is the space adjacent to the choanocytes in the direction of the flagellae. Read about hexactinellida on the animal diversity web. Locomotion by apples n acorns teachers pay teachers. The sponge can also bore through the oyster shell and, therefore, harmful for pearl oyster industry. Fabricius, 1780 species overview grantia compressa fabricius, 1780 is a very characteristic white, flattened, calcareous sponge occurring usually in groups of half a dozen or more. Typically, they are benthic, sessile filter feeders that are asymmetrical. The gills are located on the ventral side of the abdomen and a set of these modified flaps are called book gills. You should be able to discern the choanocyte layer resting on teh meso hyl, as awell as amoebocytes.
Jun 19, 2003 understanding the common principles of design that span a diverse array of animals requires a broad comparative and integrative approach to their study. Sponges live underwater and they all breathe the same way. The resources in this printable literature guide will help students examine characters, emotions. Class calcarea leucosolenia an ascon sponge, grantia a sycon sponge. Spongilla is a common, widely distributed fresh water sponge shows various shades of green colour because of the symbiotic algae present inside. The central space at the bottom is called the atrium or spongocoel, epitheloid cells pinacocytes line the outside, darkpurple flagellated choanocytes line the canals that face into the atrium, and the layer between those cells is the mesohyl, which contains many. Asexual reproduction by buds or gemmules and sexual reproduction by eggs. General biology ii lab practical 2 flashcards quizlet. Her recent adult book, another brooklyn, was a national book award finalist. Burton at a meeting of the zoological society on february 21. Structurally, the sponge body is perforated by pores through which water is pumped by the action of special flagellated collar cells known as choanocytes. Hexactinellids cluster to an unusually high degree, suggesting that larvae do not drift far before settling. Demosponge is a type of porifera that uses respiration everyday. Other morphological characters include shape, colour, consistency, surface smooth, rough, or conulose, and distribution and character of the.
Sycon ciliatum are marine sponges found worldwide, usually in shallow water, but. Budding and fragmentation allows grantia sponges to form identical offspring while sexual reproduction permits genetic mixing. Hexactinellid is a type of porifera that uses respiration everyday. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. What is a sponges disgestive, nervous, and locomotion. Pdf deep phylogeny and evolution of sponges phylum porifera. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. It integrates the biomechanics of animal movement with the physiology of animal energetics and the neural control of locomotion. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 208k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. If the first book was written in poems, the sequel takes it form as letters. Immediately download the locomotion summary, chapterbychapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more everything you need for studying or teaching locomotion. Incorporates background material on the biomechanics and physiology of nervous, skeletal, and muscular components. The heartfelt voice of the young poet was once again heard in jacqueline woodsons peace, locomotion, sequel to award winning first book, locomotion. This keeps the offspring protected from harsh weather as well as climate changes.
Although 1816 separated the sponges in a group spongiaria allied to protozoa. Born on february 12th in columbus, ohio, jacqueline woodson grew up in greenville, south carolina, and brooklyn, new york and graduated from college with a b. Regarding locomotion, they are sessile when in colony form, but as larvae they do have the ability to swim. It transports sperm into the eggs and zygote is formed. From locomotion poetry as fiction jacqueline woodson. Phylum porifera characteristics, types, functions and. It is a very common species of rocky shores along the atlantic coasts of europe from france northwards it appears as flattened, purseshaped vases up to 5 cm long with slitlike oscula at the ends, hanging downwards attached by a stalk to rocky overhangs, often in groups among. Grantia is a genus of calcareous marine sponges that is sometimes referred to as scypha in older texts. In the case of budding, the sponges produce a cluster of cells known as a gemmule that is covered in a hard coating. Poriferans and the radiate phyla zoolab uwla crosse.
Sketch a whole planarian and next to it sketch a representative crosssection based on your observation of the slides. Pdf locomotion of sponges and its physical mechanism. Introduction to the animal kingdom university at buffalo. The movements of flagella of choanocytes draw water into the spongocoel through the ostia. It is flat, like a small hot water bottle and open at one end, it may also be tubular, or composed of contorted flat lobes, with a very short stalk. Active locomotion by individual marine and freshwater sponges across glass. Grantia ciliatum example of syconoid sponges scypha ciliata. They also have a protective function because they are sharp. These differ from other sponge larvae in lacking flagella or any other method of locomotion. Expand students understanding of the world with discussion questions and activities for locomotion and peace, locomotion, by jacqueline woodson. The sponge can penetrate the rocks and break them into pieces.
It is a very common species of rocky shores along the atlantic coasts of europe from france northwards. Each kit contains a set of thirty identical softcover books accompanied by a book. Longitudinal section through whole sponge, showing detail of the flagellated chamber under oil immersion. This sponge is usually white to cream in colour but occasionally pale brown individuals occur. Pdf sponges phylum porifera are a diverse taxon of benthic aquatic animals of great. Locomotion extension activity in a series of poems, elevenyearold lonnie writes about his life, after the death of his parents, separated from his younger sister, living in a foster home, and finding his poetic voice at school. Feb 15, 2007 these group together and secrete a matrix that holds them together. Observe the spongocoel by using your fine point probe and forceps to open the center cavity in the water.
Sponges, colonial animals in the phylum porifera, are primitive invertebrates that are dominated by marine species. These group together and secrete a matrix that holds them together. A 2003 national book award finalist and a corettera scott king award winner. By using their abductor muscle, scallops can quickly shut there shell, proposing them in any direction. Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four andor sixpointed siliceous spicules, often referred to.
The digestive system of these sponge animals is simple. Adult sponges are sessile animals that live attached to hard rocky surfaces, shells, or submerged objects. Differences in the mode of reproduction and spermatozoon. Species of the genus grantia contain spicules and spongin fibers. Phylum porifera the phylum porifera to bear pores includes the sponges, a group of animals believed in the past to be plants because of their sedentary nature. Juvenile book discussion kits juvenile book discussion kits are available to library patrons for use by home and community discussion groups, as well as teachers in the classroom setting. If you did not add water to float your specimen before, now would be a good time to do so. This chapter was originally published in the book advances in marine biology. Authors purpose for writing locomotion interviewing jacqueline woodson, author of locomotion reading reflection summarizing chapters setting in locomotion main idea all about lonnie lonnie and me character growth and change character study lonnie follow the plot. Sponges porifera are a group of animals that includes about 10,000 living species. Elementary text book of zoology, general part and special part. Osculum is a single large opening at the top of the sponge. Group home before miss ednas house from the book locomotion the monsters that come at night dont breathe fire, have two heads or long claws. Members of this group include glass sponges, demosponges, and calcareous sponges.
Like sycon it is also a marine sponge commonly found in shallow waters attached to rocks. The central space at the bottom is called the atrium or spongocoel, epitheloid cells pinacocytes line the outside, darkpurple flagellated choanocytes line the canals that face into the atrium, and the layer between those cells is the mesohyl, which contains. The general architecture of the skeleton is used to differentiate families, the particular combinations of spicular types to define genera, and the form and dimensions of single spicule types to differentiate species. Has one large excurrent pore called an osculum, located at the upper end of the body. Species of the genus grantia contain spicules and spongin fibers the genus contains bioluminescent species. Sponge cross section, 100x marc perkins photography. A small sponge characterized by its vase or urn shape. This theme persists throughout the book, as various modes and mechanisms of animal locomotion are covered. Extension activity locomotion extension activity in a series of poems, elevenyearold lonnie writes about his life, after the death of his parents, separated from his younger sister, living in a foster home, and finding his poetic voice at school. Locomotion by jacquline woodson this book i found hidden in the book corner of my year 5 classroom. The choanocytes lose their collar and flagellum and become amoeboid cells. Grantia sponge molecular expressions florida state university. Their folds form canals, and the flagellated canal filters the water down in by the incurrent canals, which allows them to filter feed. Grantia is a genus of calcareous sponges belonging to the family grantiidae.
It is a very common species of rocky shores along the atlantic coasts of europe from france northwards it appears as flattened, purseshaped vases up to 5 cm long with slitlike oscula at the ends, hanging downwards attached by a stalk to rocky overhangs, often in groups among seaweed. Includes the following graphic organizers for the story locomotion. Introduction to the animal kingdom using your scissors and forceps, carefully lift the grantia and make a horizontal cut through the midsection. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Regeneration is the ability of a sponge to grow a totally new and complete adult from a small piece of the adult sponge that has been torn loose. Grantia compressa fabricius, 1780 is a very characteristic white, flattened, calcareous sponge occurring usually in groups of half a dozen or more.
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